{"id":"W4399010915","doi":"10.23977/aetp.2024.080328","title":"Deep Learning of Geographic Concepts from the Perspective of APOS Theory—The Water Cycle as an Example","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Epistemology; Learning cycle; Cognitive science; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003718825,0.0002517785,0.0002128303,0.0003177495,0.0003457394,0.0009343704,0.0005068511,0.000611079,0.002251351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001267159,0.0001259184,0.0003799644,0.0003214923,0.001118399,0.002415759,0.001075812,0.001483622,0.000270659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005970232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006463909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00255301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002184801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999909,0.00004009246,0.000003920648,0.00001669768,0.00001930212,0.00001088938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997216,0.0001704726,0.00001436853,0.000027479,0.00003564378,0.00003033606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000599949,0.00007125454,0.002159338,0.0001933933,0.00002925921,0.0001780223,0.0007838538,0.09644128,0.004215354,0.7350457,0.003535054,0.1572875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001398885,0.00004698509,0.0005650552,0.0000581959,0.00001036342,0.00007968536,0.0002216636,0.4872133,0.003269414,0.4956392,0.01286566,0.00001647766],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06130176,0.001155621,0.9102502,0.004831559,0.0001270542,0.00003972305,0.0000998285,0.000289888,0.02190442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7305422,0.001534415,0.2576679,0.0002791237,0.00007314874,0.00006804364,0.0001120038,0.00005109464,0.009672127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00255301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007531524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01773419166367959,"score_gpt":0.3881719020694312,"score_spread":0.3704377104057516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}