{"id":"W4399176766","doi":"10.3390/su16114609","title":"Towards a Sustainable Urban Future: A Comprehensive Review of Urban Heat Island Research Technologies and Machine Learning Approaches","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Notre Dame","keywords":"Urban heat island; Scopus; Data science; Data collection; Computer science; Climate change; Geography; Meteorology; Political science; Sociology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002957846,0.0006224571,0.001920771,0.0003323347,0.0003212761,0.00009220849,0.000613409,0.0005275234,0.0001443357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001856953,0.0004504296,0.0003861079,0.002135335,0.001534665,0.0002311921,0.002055421,0.001981365,0.00002796771],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002822684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006448863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00111043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005391676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947549,0.001299199,0.0009126797,0.001269964,0.0008052391,0.0009580039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980335,0.0003295115,0.0001844128,0.001003633,0.0003226881,0.0001263058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001137972,0.00008551277,0.000988123,0.5299416,0.00007782416,0.00006365121,0.0006687228,0.000001671897,1.409592e-7,0.001359781,0.01399047,0.4528112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001040239,0.0002245767,0.00007067979,0.01158126,0.0004702166,0.0000426069,0.003649636,0.00003871685,0.000001941145,0.00394498,0.9794703,0.0004010953],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001040484,0.9930357,0.00001479738,0.0009131257,0.00006188838,0.004293927,0.00004992968,0.0002083869,0.001318244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001056502,0.9952542,0.00009726587,0.00001272856,0.00008827537,0.0006142212,0.0001280595,0.00006749324,0.002681229],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9654798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06813076984797711,"score_gpt":0.335398253120669,"score_spread":0.2672674832726919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}