{"id":"W4399214606","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00583-8","title":"Overdetermination, underdetermination, and epistemic granularity in the historical sciences","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Underdetermination; Overdetermination; Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Granularity; Quine; Philosophy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008650508,0.00008351669,0.0001135602,0.0002830791,0.0008721125,0.0003682569,0.0004953235,0.00001073861,0.000004490305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002667715,0.00005458731,0.00006628059,0.0001822474,0.003876856,0.0005849927,0.00003496752,0.0002373024,0.000001972776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007842838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001298112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008647903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001102919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986005,0.0002421796,0.0003151292,0.0002073027,0.0004684289,0.0001664967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992224,0.0002781603,0.0001158659,0.00009540426,0.0002459102,0.0000422516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003597475,0.00003207055,0.00006438925,0.0000814126,0.00000328361,0.00001399835,0.02566939,0.000003826252,0.0001748666,0.9687532,0.0004692119,0.004730712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000272344,0.0004911764,0.001715786,0.0002323436,0.00003482365,0.0001472231,0.001941363,0.0007967846,0.00005554447,0.9336817,0.060469,0.0001619692],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6763501,0.005700563,0.001578482,0.058707,0.009015754,0.0006376848,0.00003103026,0.0001057833,0.2478737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986664,0.00004521378,0.0001751966,0.0002083618,0.0005843567,0.000001534071,2.63593e-7,0.000008445164,0.0003102353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3223163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1299132509122668,"score_gpt":0.3202747933627813,"score_spread":0.1903615424505145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}