{"id":"W4399235559","doi":"10.1177/02655322241249754","title":"A scoping review of research on second language test preparation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Language Testing","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Test (biology); Language assessment; Language proficiency; Linguistics; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01513831,0.001642628,0.003379622,0.02057996,0.001446123,0.003875625,0.002123595,0.002591395,0.006144745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07120959,0.001115859,0.004001724,0.02352789,0.001557179,0.003956672,0.002406575,0.00214661,0.001254846],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003960383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02597819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009294444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02332965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9896711,0.002980958,0.003950057,0.0007174691,0.002413673,0.0002668409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9360244,0.04908827,0.005240827,0.00114128,0.0080217,0.0004836186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006536722,0.00003965463,0.0005737214,0.6183488,0.0006399336,0.0001969311,0.001156662,0.0001899225,0.0003553187,0.002418108,0.01096937,0.3650461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001381195,0.00005164253,0.001353797,0.8831227,0.002077254,0.0003470455,0.0006666887,0.00004379878,0.0001978392,0.0009581991,0.1111456,0.0000215546],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003034035,0.9972104,0.0003312869,0.0005368813,0.0002637242,0.0001556663,0.0001502954,0.00001022752,0.001038198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001797186,0.9967065,0.0006047163,0.0002632626,0.00006814412,0.0002355154,0.0001535798,0.000005350446,0.0001656991],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02057996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08006001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2975427459650408,"score_gpt":0.5064660563792833,"score_spread":0.2089233104142425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}