{"id":"W4399350159","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4852815","title":"Biased Samples Distort Perceptions of Group Beliefs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Group (periodic table); Perception; Psychology; Social psychology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01693114,0.0004650938,0.0006422049,0.001619921,0.001062899,0.003158546,0.0006183025,0.001712064,0.009165374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1444729,0.0006083487,0.0003736321,0.0008550138,0.003140548,0.002306839,0.002588325,0.001971005,0.0008219648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008941304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003440247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001269964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001322438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9887946,0.006235095,0.0004032029,0.001145564,0.003002169,0.0004193714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8270525,0.1340698,0.01817534,0.01362503,0.005315854,0.001761425],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0100194,0.001394832,0.4519338,0.001285953,0.002598625,0.001605984,0.05874771,0.007512054,0.03436928,0.175507,0.01198005,0.2430453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009856648,0.001677662,0.5899175,0.0004343322,0.001041712,0.001259741,0.01867681,0.01790392,0.01280231,0.3441621,0.01093615,0.0002020801],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662806,0.0003873022,0.009156123,0.001800047,0.0001348572,0.00005955239,0.0001084013,0.00004057067,0.02203253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978797,0.00007689674,0.001052016,0.0004235594,0.00006709856,0.00002672429,0.00003794722,0.00001668139,0.0004193532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9830689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08954144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02569504067406123,"score_gpt":0.3427274178125738,"score_spread":0.3170323771385125,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}