{"id":"W4399518906","doi":"10.1007/s13399-024-05789-7","title":"Nexus of biochar production and processes for mitigating soil-based greenhouse gas emissions: a comprehensive review on long and short-term strategies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Dalhousie University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Carbon sequestration; Soil carbon; Agriculture; Soil water; Soil quality; Natural resource economics; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Pyrolysis; Engineering; Carbon dioxide; Soil science; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001554299,0.0003871874,0.0008543262,0.00006828233,0.0001404437,0.00008283992,0.00009804722,0.0002322962,0.000005950879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008793307,0.0001487698,0.0001794569,0.0003913944,0.0002132364,0.00007014479,0.00008655849,0.0001254566,0.000001074599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001656291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007431296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000327116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005445204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985717,0.00007319576,0.0004164353,0.0005926418,0.0001522938,0.0001937439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991919,0.000257182,0.0002251121,0.00007699749,0.000125274,0.000123534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005133142,0.0000832937,0.0001771273,0.2274954,0.0001071687,0.00001263524,0.00002211515,3.270901e-8,0.00589018,0.00002540769,0.000635189,0.7655001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000950772,0.004751656,0.001034289,0.5329462,0.007301231,0.0004732282,0.001349729,0.0004198033,0.005249785,0.0002192632,0.4416946,0.003609431],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1846485,0.8139669,2.292389e-7,0.000281893,0.0001109938,0.000746958,0.0001843813,0.00005342201,0.000006729403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008955009,0.9903985,0.00002810508,0.00008594931,0.000112516,0.0000630904,0.000324501,0.000005928879,0.00002637458],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7618907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6066657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05891430140242858,"score_gpt":0.2990152771624597,"score_spread":0.2401009757600311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}