{"id":"W4399693403","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2024.110283","title":"Understanding of causality and its mathematical representation in accident modeling","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","topic":"Risk and Safety Analysis","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Causality (physics); Accident (philosophy); Representation (politics); Econometrics; Computer science; Mathematics; Epistemology; Political science; Philosophy; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004027022,0.0009580143,0.0008731176,0.002386875,0.0007595453,0.002637651,0.002016563,0.001521504,0.005048192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01272371,0.0007445003,0.001612701,0.001683342,0.003062882,0.006618138,0.001622045,0.003399695,0.0006074277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001619249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00219217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004189385,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002389524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980835,0.001029261,0.0001752406,0.0002164011,0.0003971606,0.00009847125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922765,0.005896477,0.0006002265,0.0004878001,0.0006060798,0.0001329703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003906431,0.00001470597,0.000206911,0.00005093433,0.00001313926,0.00003388001,0.00007198487,0.02895992,0.0001146196,0.966423,0.0003601681,0.00374681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002030048,0.000005823881,0.00005560147,0.00001716697,0.000008976643,0.00002436168,0.00001673061,0.05644863,0.00005831859,0.9420573,0.001299145,0.000005787333],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004548235,0.001212153,0.9833364,0.002322701,0.0001253656,0.00001842884,0.0001363816,0.0000580237,0.008242385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7025109,0.006649774,0.2769032,0.00105411,0.001121318,0.000264765,0.0004914225,0.00009975458,0.01090482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005048192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02129722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1650114080828386,"score_gpt":0.3606910434108463,"score_spread":0.1956796353280078,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}