{"id":"W4399744276","doi":"10.4324/9781003514367-6","title":"Municipal Finances in Canada: Issues of Local Finance and the Case for User Charges","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Finance; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001291851,0.000264846,0.0004505167,0.002069433,0.01149748,0.009300034,0.00158559,0.002232461,0.007785707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004842024,0.000275377,0.000336943,0.007326044,0.005897978,0.002084942,0.001643833,0.002634163,0.0003691199],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1788463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1906612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9959534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9980083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971675,0.000289469,0.00003654309,0.00009206323,0.0009839456,0.001430531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973354,0.0005246715,0.0001535889,0.00006140526,0.001168417,0.0007564528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000158929,0.00002071722,0.006815002,0.00009089438,0.000008778247,0.0003997789,0.005056868,0.0014637,0.00005390041,0.8508321,0.1042972,0.03094516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002145628,0.00001810758,0.06456918,0.001088079,0.00004163082,0.0003616379,0.02879116,0.003971087,0.0001752419,0.09616634,0.8047068,0.00008932129],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1111205,0.06064666,0.001580859,0.1917489,0.0005808101,0.00006476251,0.001248688,0.00009737026,0.6329114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8458853,0.02702875,0.0009323657,0.006201972,0.0002456299,0.00003306436,0.0003364276,0.00004349927,0.119293],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8211538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9524219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03440598217847012,"score_gpt":0.2172131563344402,"score_spread":0.18280717415597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}