{"id":"W4399868446","doi":"10.3389/fbinf.2024.1328714","title":"Bioinformatics proficiency among African students","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Bioinformatics","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Diversity (politics); Literacy; Scientific literacy; Knowledge management; Medical education; Computer science; Medicine; Political science; Science education; Mathematics education; Sociology; Psychology; Biology; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001041036,0.0003620657,0.0003424207,0.0006045402,0.000122074,0.0003831881,0.001012416,0.0003743376,0.00002393138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002772935,0.0003037913,0.0001756127,0.0007707609,0.0005191811,0.00006454275,0.0004898488,0.0004078525,0.000136166],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001130614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002880958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001382506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001777641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966663,0.00004245193,0.001108412,0.0002863558,0.001015782,0.000880725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998798,0.00002385574,0.0001368975,0.0005978986,0.0001131893,0.0003301671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002462193,0.0006764165,0.1890047,0.004562415,0.000617364,0.00007288087,0.01252474,0.0003474983,0.001111044,0.0003983528,0.4363544,0.354084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002621024,0.001848822,0.02773388,0.0008106308,0.000111587,0.00007157735,0.01944832,0.5468047,0.008661686,0.0009897957,0.38867,0.002227913],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5732491,0.004404485,0.3469672,0.0008729845,0.008550503,0.003435122,0.0003367285,0.0003805854,0.06180332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8325979,0.003638785,0.1570865,0.0006564883,0.0005384602,0.0001404955,0.0007040071,0.00009922907,0.004538171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5464572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01049272390913672,"score_gpt":0.2776126379492186,"score_spread":0.2671199140400818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}