{"id":"W4399939621","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104070","title":"Labour control through risk and profit-sharing: Social inequalities and exploitation through artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoforum","topic":"Mining and Resource Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Trinity College Dublin","keywords":"Inequality; Profit (economics); Scale (ratio); Social inequality; Business; Control (management); Economics; Natural resource economics; Geography; Microeconomics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007116412,0.0001766363,0.0003436119,0.0005999683,0.001702094,0.001236286,0.0005706256,0.0005990669,0.003853906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002911068,0.0001972866,0.0002047358,0.001796559,0.002641392,0.001595735,0.00200689,0.001040049,0.0001365252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00292805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00199774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1164537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2094714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990047,0.0003731706,0.00003533133,0.00007978305,0.00006975207,0.000437266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972138,0.001164184,0.001019862,0.00006194355,0.0001262042,0.0004140525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003485098,0.0003645073,0.9118202,0.0001025611,0.00007203197,0.001027666,0.06118533,0.0004276307,0.0004157893,0.009347564,0.0004418022,0.01444633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002267756,0.00009665358,0.8527219,0.00017676,0.00003680825,0.0002344787,0.1414655,0.0006845267,0.0001166059,0.002972441,0.00145479,0.00001686718],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998364,0.0001997035,0.00003144965,0.0004725961,0.000001371923,0.0000027367,0.00002139108,3.205337e-7,0.0009063506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999743,0.0000598025,0.000009966067,0.00001045972,8.744219e-7,0.000002148631,0.000005040432,3.247352e-7,0.0001684347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1164537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2315516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02022315492217881,"score_gpt":0.2332477584895012,"score_spread":0.2130246035673224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}