{"id":"W4399998576","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.120874","title":"Techno-economic and environmental study of a hybrid solar ground source heat pumps for a heating-dominated community in a cold climate; a case study in Toronto","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund","keywords":"Environmental science; Heat pump; Cold climate; Meteorology; Environmental engineering; Climatology; Engineering; Geography; Heat exchanger; Geology; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000588193,0.0002496752,0.0004672508,0.0001605507,0.0001885187,0.00006408882,0.0001778209,0.00007223266,0.00003310342],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007260914,0.0002559707,0.00005582988,0.0001407462,0.00004625451,0.0001647071,0.000175233,0.0001295644,9.139372e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006523475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003869194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.980607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8859533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982724,0.0002598265,0.0006174172,0.0004009554,0.0001013066,0.0003481451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991465,0.0002090684,0.00007138075,0.0004925164,0.00000799688,0.00007253457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000814247,0.002853096,0.005018292,0.0001127092,0.0001203205,0.0002601391,0.005034476,0.9731796,0.01130525,0.0006072852,0.000006974768,0.001420368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005774448,0.001958282,0.0007293588,0.0001907004,0.00009924186,0.0005905684,0.2786423,0.702002,0.005959867,0.0001711138,0.003259495,0.0006226678],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979488,0.0006370849,0.0001744161,0.000008426493,0.00004770854,0.0007176967,0.00004547227,0.00006978818,0.0003505856],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980701,0.00004103236,0.00003485796,0.00001245112,0.00003268688,0.001356605,0.00002836922,0.0000605903,0.0003633436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01210364710685839,"score_gpt":0.2447398576203426,"score_spread":0.2326362105134842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}