{"id":"W4400000793","doi":"10.1093/braincomms/fcae219","title":"Multimodal subtypes identified in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants by missing-data-enabled subtype and stage inference","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain Communications","topic":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Genentech; National Institutes of Health; UCLH Biomedical Research Centre; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia; IXICO; H. Lundbeck A/S; Eisai; University of Southern California; Wellcome Trust; University College London; Servier; EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; BioClinica; Biogen; Pfizer; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; UK Research and Innovation; U.S. Department of Defense; Eli Lilly and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; European Commission; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Medical Research Council; Meso Scale Diagnostics; Alzheimer's Association","keywords":"Neuroimaging; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Inference; Stage (stratigraphy); Missing data; Disease; Alzheimer's disease; Medicine; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Neuroscience; Internal medicine; Machine learning; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008242198,0.0001343168,0.0001745668,0.0001880586,0.0001803506,0.0002430011,0.0004433442,0.00003222715,0.0001325871],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001730349,0.0001285061,0.00002825228,0.000391939,0.0002958663,0.0004806074,0.0007037201,0.00037503,0.00005121479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003039211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003909944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002422043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002136999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998364,0.000422838,0.0002787226,0.0003679084,0.0002354599,0.0003310727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970148,0.001370256,0.00004395318,0.001208175,0.0001115221,0.0002512442],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000421897,0.001828971,0.857702,0.0004625466,0.0005618496,0.0003898002,0.003622344,0.000004822683,0.0123657,0.004368945,0.01714491,0.1011262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001609822,0.00009780649,0.8196228,0.0006362928,0.0003585577,0.000006184143,0.0007169322,0.1494426,0.000569127,0.001435248,0.02519907,0.0003056058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8333819,0.03316858,0.001580566,0.118212,0.0001408253,0.002080359,0.0008673157,0.0003440305,0.0102244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966436,0.0006937137,0.0003250179,0.0008452927,0.00001469509,0.00009095557,0.0007872297,0.0000225137,0.0005769799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1632617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5240325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1785629829198153,"score_gpt":0.4380100054603869,"score_spread":0.2594470225405716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}