{"id":"W4400008867","doi":"10.1002/srin.202300480","title":"Bubble Characteristics Required for the Complete Removal of Alumina Inclusions from Steel Melts","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"steel research international","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bubble; Shearing (physics); Materials science; Ladle; Microbubbles; Mechanics; Metallurgy; Porosity; Liquid steel; Turbulence; Tundish; Composite material; Continuous casting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007390507,0.0001025675,0.0001463344,0.000120914,0.000117732,0.00008711312,0.0005745866,0.00005915931,0.0004707637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003436649,0.00007262082,0.00009857069,0.0001896072,0.000128692,0.0001120979,0.0002436951,0.0002962836,0.00005116841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001058225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006612023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006494315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003047276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985656,0.00003525342,0.0002910015,0.0001845546,0.0006777272,0.0002459195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980238,0.001358167,0.00002325978,0.000215235,0.0003139674,0.00006555506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005062871,0.0002222516,0.00002437556,0.001111869,0.002178704,0.000255901,0.001763849,0.007764538,0.1966348,0.6546723,0.01638402,0.1184811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001480994,0.00002585012,0.0004302271,0.00008969488,0.00001044809,0.000006865554,0.00006270623,0.7333902,0.0001705096,0.009082907,0.2565196,0.00006293638],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5232885,0.008535913,0.3347009,0.008753841,0.01025048,0.002349193,0.01546006,0.0006014288,0.09605976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950594,0.0004113075,0.001012622,0.00001818862,0.000510658,0.00005765499,0.0002182215,0.00003446233,0.002677535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7256256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5154532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0885805009914206,"score_gpt":0.3611064401259522,"score_spread":0.2725259391345316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}