{"id":"W4400107042","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-13701-3.00360-1","title":"Reassessing Western Biases: An African Perspective of Entrepreneurship and Innovation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Entrepreneurship; Economic geography; Geography; Political science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003717837,0.0002861871,0.0003629735,0.0009794032,0.00008960861,0.0003045675,0.0001383453,0.0001623303,0.0001580146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003516188,0.000287733,0.00005624946,0.00009223209,0.0001248929,0.0003132657,0.0001551505,0.0002452918,0.00009516044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001244682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008897392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007651019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003400855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986602,0.00000461243,0.0005476204,0.0004472106,0.0001845615,0.0001557783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987558,0.00002711715,0.0005140546,0.000240547,0.0004522153,0.00001027362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001006079,0.000007663066,0.0002738381,0.0001941421,0.00007404424,0.000007785138,0.0006348739,3.007011e-7,0.00002055958,0.6592004,0.00005482846,0.3395215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002421986,0.00001261058,0.0005886655,0.0007761095,0.000135782,0.000004116636,0.0008758293,0.00003288622,0.0000153826,0.1650083,0.8318241,0.0004841025],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01048198,0.0001239492,0.000003042798,0.0003728041,0.0004251947,0.0002880248,0.000008036614,0.00008909141,0.9882079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1482473,0.000009116031,0.00008350399,0.001115825,0.000781231,0.00001393857,0.00008213359,0.00007804933,0.8495889],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8317692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04181747896496746,"score_gpt":0.2718163327661648,"score_spread":0.2299988538011974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}