{"id":"W4400127046","doi":"10.3390/ijfs12030063","title":"Ownership Structure and Bank Dividend Policies: New Empirical Evidence from the Dual Banking Systems of MENA Countries","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Financial Studies","topic":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Dividend policy; Monetary economics; Foreign ownership; Leverage (statistics); Dividend; Endogeneity; Business; Dividend payout ratio; Economics; Financial system; Probit; Foreign direct investment; Econometrics; Finance; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007283946,0.0001785154,0.0002643036,0.001152458,0.0004015298,0.001002366,0.0001903808,0.0002139175,0.001674682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001952436,0.0001336669,0.000232937,0.001433821,0.000727895,0.0007937578,0.001016068,0.0003815239,0.0001686429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003480653,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000368956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006338123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009369414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997131,0.00008074987,0.00002766683,0.00005995564,0.00005061932,0.00006780233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971637,0.0006553303,0.001601764,0.0001268069,0.0002203364,0.0002320041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004910216,0.00004391963,0.9919394,0.00001922496,0.00004900859,0.0001556094,0.00105698,0.000134887,0.0001143882,0.0004177576,0.0001263014,0.005893445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003892886,0.0000373714,0.9962764,0.00002718488,0.00003489459,0.00009176035,0.002360826,0.0003106291,0.00007763188,0.0001295059,0.0006461481,0.000003691174],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988577,0.000291891,0.00005587011,0.00008088694,0.000002317254,0.000001840931,0.00007087846,9.549425e-7,0.0006377133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994778,0.0001920567,0.00004364895,0.00001655098,0.000007019964,0.000001375786,0.0001224611,4.972802e-7,0.0001385778],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006338123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01260245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06007941745074227,"score_gpt":0.3145833993094546,"score_spread":0.2545039818587123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}