{"id":"W4400174431","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.104030","title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of soot formation in propane laminar coflow flames in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Soot; Diffusion flame; Combustion; Oxygen; Hydrogen; Laminar flow; Propane; Acetylene; Limiting oxygen concentration; Materials science; Adiabatic flame temperature; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Combustor","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003439378,0.000471319,0.0003262784,0.0005922844,0.0007201741,0.0002240685,0.000376453,0.000402508,0.0006161166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004360997,0.0001835646,0.0004685194,0.0004678647,0.0005060131,0.000398145,0.000269121,0.0002888101,0.00003554778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000394484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002830777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004082143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00211096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998249,0.0000119836,0.00001056786,0.00004484048,0.00007623462,0.00003140153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99977,0.00007359379,0.00005325514,0.00001992249,0.00006017134,0.00002298574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001016316,0.0002207862,0.01815282,0.000307956,0.00003511386,0.0005963356,0.0004287668,0.05534914,0.9139968,0.001399927,0.0001679868,0.008328041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001103668,0.0005784151,0.03355476,0.00001842087,0.00004900572,0.0002496544,0.0002671495,0.3202212,0.6430744,0.0005686485,0.001230393,0.00007753835],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996824,0.00013048,0.002112062,0.00001798316,0.00001077543,0.00001050751,0.0001015649,0.00005169072,0.0007408907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961534,0.00009600993,0.00338305,0.000004872858,0.000003361555,0.0000116114,0.00008840532,0.000006221411,0.0002530046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004082143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008116782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02032230279689521,"score_gpt":0.2760949527547784,"score_spread":0.2557726499578831,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}