{"id":"W4400199710","doi":"10.1002/hbm.26768","title":"Brain‐age prediction: Systematic evaluation of site effects, and sample age range and size","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Human Brain Mapping","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill Genome Centre; Université de Montréal; McGill University; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Center for Research Resources; Helse Sør-Øst RHF; Science for Equity, Empowerment and Development Division; National Health and Medical Research Council; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre; Avid Radiopharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health; Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek; Medical Research Council; Hersenstichting; Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; King’s College London; Ministero della Salute; Norges Forskningsråd; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; General Electric; King's College London; National Institute on Aging; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; ZonMw; Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative; John S. Dunn Foundation; Parents Against Childhood Epilepsy; National Cancer Institute; Autistica; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Novo Nordisk; Accare; Eisai; U.S. Department of Energy; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Radboud Universiteit; Indiana State Department of Health; Epilepsy Foundation; Epilepsy Society; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations; Autism Speaks; Eli Lilly and Company; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Institute of Mental Health; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; American Epilepsy Society; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Generalizability theory; Sample size determination; Neuroimaging; Sample (material); Psychology; Brain size; Medicine; Statistics; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.07966471,0.001418469,0.002300357,0.001232529,0.001129315,0.001820037,0.002073661,0.001705005,0.001186003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1514366,0.0006408527,0.002668722,0.001127735,0.002333056,0.002991957,0.001915142,0.002269919,0.0004595994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005961987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001855259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004584036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004856035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9711575,0.01968447,0.001258233,0.006275665,0.001264727,0.0003594201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.778833,0.1954438,0.0053463,0.01497507,0.004506099,0.0008957205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003980295,0.0004191517,0.6438184,0.000946659,0.006689252,0.000502854,0.0009208056,0.1477756,0.004414875,0.002740283,0.006596116,0.1811957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000816247,0.002868789,0.1637066,0.0004527152,0.005336022,0.001014381,0.0008405395,0.7975361,0.01049533,0.01119053,0.005561559,0.0001811314],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6822415,0.006780852,0.3008891,0.001332308,0.0003569119,0.00116664,0.002845031,0.002546538,0.001841118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9357961,0.0003774424,0.05978957,0.0003134585,0.00007209937,0.0004794612,0.00244598,0.0003033283,0.0004226493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9203353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4213123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07034412141012618,"score_gpt":0.299537173724614,"score_spread":0.2291930523144878,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}