{"id":"W4400347354","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4886492","title":"Procurement with Manipulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Public Procurement and Policy","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Procurement; Process management; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001644367,0.0004216614,0.000295166,0.0006553407,0.0002143246,0.001410562,0.000565901,0.0001927122,0.0001063048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003019764,0.0003201943,0.0002263883,0.0003772231,0.00003119615,0.0005491435,0.0007026703,0.004552974,0.0004703607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001066008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002328948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003610517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001815135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962717,0.00001159691,0.0004079138,0.0004370982,0.0006720748,0.002199626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989615,0.000006246104,0.0004777226,0.0002780322,0.0002553729,0.00002109501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009519123,0.00008895605,0.001581218,0.0008054991,0.0008402446,0.00001229929,0.00005568429,0.0003410066,0.00002242246,0.975058,0.0064059,0.01469359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004435873,0.0000432326,0.0002977735,0.0003071416,0.0004210508,0.00006968721,0.000174133,0.001329402,0.000003528685,0.9192823,0.07714714,0.0004810723],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3026163,0.05108834,0.01362027,0.07673004,0.008802346,0.005225232,0.00001742746,0.002500641,0.5393994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841637,0.0006276401,0.0000578522,0.0007703824,0.009605279,0.00005982345,0.00007951126,0.0001010535,0.004534734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6815474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01696893180763511,"score_gpt":0.24005116148062,"score_spread":0.2230822296729849,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}