{"id":"W4400693417","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v14n4p90","title":"A Comparative Study on the Lexical Collocations in Academic Discourse by International Scholars and Chinese EFL Learners","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Noun; Collocation (remote sensing); Verb; Applied linguistics; Psychology; Lexical density; Computer science; Lexical item; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007814877,0.0001258395,0.0001655821,0.0003211993,0.00004942702,0.0001863065,0.0004269252,0.0000734264,0.001370425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0138342,0.0000882026,0.00006278303,0.0001721736,0.0001003365,0.00008572057,0.00005044589,0.001272858,0.00002729106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001000507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006167426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001390195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005883301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985909,0.0002087015,0.0004599712,0.0001751485,0.0004461129,0.0001191455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971528,0.0009164244,0.0001603189,0.00009257012,0.001609668,0.00006823621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001822029,0.00357938,0.1220184,0.00001778569,0.004482358,0.002500147,0.3856411,0.002423718,0.0003065898,0.2631338,0.2078695,0.006205258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006102393,0.001181816,0.1219607,0.0006768858,0.0001928198,0.0001151892,0.3360239,0.002754447,0.00006919439,0.003475631,0.5267296,0.0007173655],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9532182,0.001920554,0.000110824,0.001128656,0.01557008,0.0001469894,0.00004494603,0.00002462562,0.02783516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939235,0.00002401328,0.00003263505,0.001038565,0.004445043,0.000008770009,0.00001595547,0.00001394014,0.0004975143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3188602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03598530074657002,"score_gpt":0.4324521586477353,"score_spread":0.3964668579011653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}