{"id":"W4400720808","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00157-2","title":"Trends and levels of the global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis between 1990 and 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology","topic":"Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management","field":"Medicine","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Dilla University; Debre Markos University; Universitas Sam Ratulangi; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Berlin Institute of Health; Alexandria University; University of Hail; Dire Dawa University; Addis Ababa University; University of Tabriz; Urmia University; Wuhan University; National Taiwan Normal University; Rajshahi University; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Mansoura University; King Abdulaziz University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Pretoria; Islamic Azad University; Sungkyunkwan University; Ain Shams University; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Public Health England; University of Dhaka; Amity University; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Universidad de Colima; National University of Singapore; Macquarie University; Imperial College London; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of Kufa; University of Colombo; University of Minnesota; Case Western Reserve University; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Houston Methodist Hospital; Institute of Infection and Immunity; Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; University of Portsmouth; Broad Institute; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Università degli Studi di Milano; University of Texas Medical Branch; Haramaya University; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Jazan University; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Wollega University; Aksum University; Tulane University; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal; Harvard University; Jahrom University of Medical Sciences; Helsingin Yliopisto; Coventry University; Florida International University; Oulun Yliopisto; University of Crete; University of New South Wales; Ajou University; University of Southern California; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Zagazig University; Charles Sturt University","keywords":"Burden of disease; Medicine; Appendicitis; Global health; Disease burden; Disease; Intervention (counseling); Environmental health; Adverse effect; Public health; Intensive care medicine; General surgery; Pathology; Nursing; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004321652,0.0002314395,0.0008209898,0.00007675738,0.0001041671,0.0000174415,0.0003222554,0.00009484838,0.0001453063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005433054,0.0001390694,0.0001144504,0.0002270136,0.001172893,0.0000476171,0.0005261747,0.0002180045,0.000001823409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005991068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006748535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001533646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000949805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979487,0.0003363305,0.0005249343,0.0004774952,0.0003693334,0.0003431797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988689,0.000335091,0.0002220957,0.0003943618,0.00007404094,0.0001055029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004295262,0.00008824723,0.9855757,0.00007409518,0.0008238329,0.00003955852,0.0004353821,0.000004104111,0.00003093023,0.001529785,0.008020663,0.002948124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002258729,0.0007463912,0.9895721,0.0001855343,0.0008255723,0.00007924427,0.0006158952,0.0002415454,0.000004116468,0.002084255,0.003322015,0.00006458585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9606064,0.002813171,0.00007022546,0.03439701,0.0001594727,0.0004561358,0.001342497,0.000009508914,0.0001455891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979212,0.0006785095,0.00004663459,0.0008772865,0.0003425225,0.00004013738,0.0000535599,0.00001151647,0.00002862627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03731481,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5671087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03298819816857416,"score_gpt":0.3064596837042804,"score_spread":0.2734714855357062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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