{"id":"W4400729735","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4893462","title":"Debt Covenant Violations and Risk Shifting Behavior","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Covenant; Debt; Business; Monetary economics; Actuarial science; Financial system; Economics; Political science; Law; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003001088,0.0001048667,0.0002710946,0.0008073155,0.0005970164,0.002032467,0.0004796592,0.001275923,0.009708054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02875413,0.0001698923,0.0002228568,0.0007975249,0.0005561618,0.001087034,0.0007136647,0.002290843,0.000904498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005256225,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004230378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004240639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005246369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991995,0.0003164264,0.00007322334,0.0001138813,0.0001260773,0.0001710205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9509256,0.02065731,0.02162695,0.002163606,0.001352384,0.003274104],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006101864,0.001032048,0.9732447,0.00001423968,0.00007360418,0.0002315304,0.001129901,0.001708002,0.0005696362,0.007230115,0.001084374,0.0130717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006579319,0.0003213056,0.9667719,0.00002585759,0.00006395836,0.0002770517,0.00356251,0.01114219,0.0004704088,0.01516952,0.002097338,0.00003217311],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995981,0.000100768,0.0002657418,0.0004509086,0.000005582384,0.00001009671,0.00008225462,0.000006460307,0.003097141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988681,0.00003805162,0.00004872255,0.00004832983,0.000007818114,0.000003312267,0.00006420848,0.000002369908,0.0009190921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009708054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03247666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01127725254931985,"score_gpt":0.2232691363781878,"score_spread":0.211991883828868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}