{"id":"W4400731055","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00773-7","title":"Exploring waste-derived catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: a path towards renewable energy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carbon letters","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":186,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Biodiesel; Biodiesel production; Renewable energy; Fossil fuel; Materials science; Waste management; Castor oil; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Biofuel; Waste oil; Renewable fuels; Catalysis; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004841683,0.0004628208,0.000484884,0.0004667119,0.0004166873,0.002357716,0.0007939062,0.001341817,0.003385224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006298168,0.0002695015,0.0003330863,0.0005025956,0.000587305,0.002751601,0.001124074,0.001890427,0.001797096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005379741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006149409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003104199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001042013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999719,0.00004312845,0.00001390059,0.00003882415,0.0001174296,0.00006774701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998444,0.0000544246,0.00001380107,0.00001710741,0.00004736579,0.00002283141],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004835925,0.0003984634,0.00160885,0.002672468,0.0001042503,0.0009896916,0.0003989292,0.003341071,0.7111463,0.1024269,0.01017022,0.1662592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000348492,0.0003009639,0.0003472804,0.0001539271,0.00004733113,0.0004652155,0.0004951598,0.006302998,0.8567971,0.03075772,0.104274,0.00002360703],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5594596,0.1771285,0.1301154,0.02440021,0.002120299,0.0001148658,0.0007249001,0.0007835083,0.1051527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8984253,0.0598334,0.01899591,0.001353738,0.0002904215,0.00003834907,0.0005884612,0.0001788697,0.02029543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003385224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0113247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03680617694647567,"score_gpt":0.2140165350234398,"score_spread":0.1772103580769641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}