{"id":"W4400839665","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111469","title":"Characteristics, consent patterns, and challenges of randomized trials using the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) design - A scoping review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Impact","funders":"Botnar Research Centre for Child Health, University of Basel; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich; Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical Cancer Research; Swiss Re Foundation; National Science Foundation; Janggen-Pöhn-Stiftung; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Universität Basel; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Informed consent; Research design; External validity; Clinical study design; Medicine; MEDLINE; Alternative medicine; Clinical trial; Medical physics; Psychology; Surgery; Social psychology; Statistics; Pathology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_broad"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.7850578,0.002515051,0.007674281,0.02586263,0.004279251,0.01606433,0.006124374,0.007928871,0.00403405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9147637,0.004669508,0.009909112,0.04006034,0.01021612,0.02013679,0.01091628,0.005235048,0.001608305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01598412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0636236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003660184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005603302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.05006805,0.708395,0.2058104,0.007531722,0.02710499,0.001089798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.03907282,0.8245156,0.06979538,0.03381982,0.0320545,0.0007418916],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002251653,0.0001648303,0.02338293,0.4702734,0.01153744,0.0008228671,0.04010661,0.003527117,0.001213064,0.07230225,0.0189356,0.3554822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002337978,0.001472598,0.01509872,0.711826,0.01089093,0.001727831,0.0113718,0.004572853,0.002417488,0.08377834,0.1539214,0.0005841017],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03068122,0.3271064,0.3283819,0.05728455,0.004872163,0.2214413,0.01087841,0.0008741841,0.01847995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09873672,0.07296714,0.3715434,0.009960563,0.0007207592,0.4411682,0.003197781,0.0004152379,0.001290249],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9923257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2650621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9718206117005075,"score_gpt":0.7674765357561535,"score_spread":0.204344075944354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}