{"id":"W4400853911","doi":"10.1007/s12108-024-09632-4","title":"Theory Figures and Causal Claims in Sociology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Sociologist","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Arrow; Epistemology; Causal model; Causal analysis; Sociology; Causal theory of reference; Representation (politics); Causal structure; Causality (physics); Sociology of knowledge; Causal reasoning; Cognition; Psychology; Social science; Law; Econometrics; Philosophy; Computer science; Political science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03775531,0.0005249763,0.0007069524,0.02150105,0.003403957,0.01413575,0.001165513,0.002184342,0.01213954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2510736,0.0005518034,0.0004415799,0.01541384,0.01859629,0.01748538,0.005485642,0.002456268,0.0006667204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005052917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003847991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001504885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001285743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9594244,0.02840758,0.002425245,0.002077097,0.007009404,0.0006562323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4416599,0.4922442,0.03658041,0.01017887,0.01735502,0.001981649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002149896,0.00007452026,0.0372551,0.001444094,0.0001443413,0.0006956081,0.1034945,0.002878637,0.001283033,0.7956401,0.003952739,0.05292231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005152967,0.000107425,0.02683724,0.003044306,0.0001639571,0.0006921028,0.08951613,0.01203146,0.002485198,0.8019252,0.06302407,0.0001212752],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.6019887,0.01203869,0.1512164,0.03598763,0.001211251,0.0002017688,0.0008747301,0.0005262582,0.1959545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896351,0.001140366,0.007932447,0.0002440177,0.0001418292,0.0000547237,0.00008381494,0.00004942946,0.0007182225],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9622447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1996716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05552023601961931,"score_gpt":0.391930046083337,"score_spread":0.3364098100637177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}