{"id":"W4401009926","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.07.041","title":"Robotic exploration of Martian caves: Evaluating operational concepts through analog experiments in lava tubes","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Astronautica","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Martian; Lava; Cave; Aerospace engineering; Astrobiology; Geology; Mars Exploration Program; Engineering; Systems engineering; Computer science; Volcano; Geography; Physics; Archaeology; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001848159,0.0001150144,0.0001437944,0.00006607294,0.00006252626,0.00007642684,0.0001097251,0.00002446201,0.000393702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009156432,0.0001062457,0.00003902454,0.0002239421,0.00006094998,0.00168973,0.0000271649,0.0001004024,0.0001068788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000270343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001317932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001650163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989352,0.00006553228,0.0002964837,0.0002427827,0.0002571068,0.0002028926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997117,0.00006195361,0.00003032984,0.0001266927,0.00003301827,0.00003629406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001577203,0.0009617084,0.1493045,0.0001470782,0.0003920848,0.00002261693,0.0540881,0.152885,0.3833995,0.2149999,0.004854543,0.03878712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001906647,0.001138928,0.04359695,0.0007356593,0.0001375645,0.000004226412,0.02812807,0.8282035,0.0695815,0.02156044,0.00398171,0.00102484],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797077,0.0001680753,0.01582041,0.0008686385,0.0003112859,0.0002760963,0.00003995311,0.00002931094,0.002778518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963752,0.000002663394,0.002623092,0.00003200044,0.0001258571,0.00003038826,0.0007204009,0.000007684554,0.00008270208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6753184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4332575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06271471254224975,"score_gpt":0.3566623682846801,"score_spread":0.2939476557424304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}