{"id":"W4401050364","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae040","title":"Pulling Back the Curtain on the California Gang Database: Evidence of Racial, Ethnic and Gender Disparities Among 222 Law Enforcement Agencies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The British Journal of Criminology","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law enforcement; Ethnic group; Database; Enforcement; Quarter (Canadian coin); Demography; Political science; Law; Geography; Medicine; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002386053,0.00008300742,0.0001634022,0.00003697217,0.0009637554,0.0003530105,0.0004964228,0.00005009718,0.001196097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003617505,0.00004890527,0.0001466179,0.00007869337,0.001555874,0.0002534664,0.0001119623,0.0004507142,0.00001309825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004818264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008537819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01090033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007313458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983283,0.0005952795,0.0004019059,0.0001077093,0.0003240442,0.0002428136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984515,0.001052219,0.0001844029,0.0001518347,0.0001177332,0.00004233484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000101369,0.0001217731,0.001278242,0.000502017,0.0005301198,0.0002390928,0.06341033,0.0002005736,0.001466,0.8462732,0.04817138,0.03770588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001498558,0.001981046,0.05711184,0.02385324,0.003130684,0.003327931,0.3341784,0.00293991,0.007160976,0.2364902,0.3267291,0.001598082],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9429535,0.04593466,0.0008226949,0.005654684,0.0005615419,0.0001958597,0.00004277459,0.000009517253,0.003824769],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896095,0.00919149,0.00001863501,0.000505747,0.0002558208,0.000006010463,0.000001187978,0.000007760626,0.000403869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.609783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3084198232867923,"score_gpt":0.4073005958381095,"score_spread":0.09888077255131716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}