{"id":"W4401068189","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2024-0119","title":"Reflection coefficient of a natural sodium bentonite in aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions: positive and negative anomalous osmosis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eni Rewind; Università degli Studi di Torino; Politecnico di Torino","keywords":"Bentonite; Electrolyte; Geotechnical engineering; Aqueous solution; Reverse osmosis; Sodium; Reflection coefficient; Reflection (computer programming); Osmosis; Geology; Materials science; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Membrane; Physics; Optics; Metallurgy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003869023,0.0003825387,0.000217107,0.0002090028,0.0001326385,0.0003444975,0.0002970497,0.0003473405,0.0004354966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009703601,0.000188606,0.000187226,0.0002498507,0.0003161263,0.0003121072,0.0002497887,0.0004341762,0.0001623903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002063463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002151243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001934593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001755859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999593,0.00007819704,0.00002924429,0.00008070159,0.0001714093,0.00004760373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994442,0.0001868158,0.00010781,0.00003042562,0.0001869819,0.00004383094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004096828,0.000007414206,0.0003159511,0.00002622865,0.00000325355,0.00001399655,0.00002792792,0.00009141342,0.9987955,0.00001673796,0.000004697679,0.0006559158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004461644,0.0002359214,0.002878062,0.000005585193,0.00001102075,0.00005951542,0.00006794094,0.001135072,0.9953272,0.00001718829,0.0002510704,0.000006820689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972727,0.0001798077,0.002035308,0.00001868814,0.000005835383,0.000009622884,0.00006025647,0.00002186192,0.000396011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969255,0.0002410429,0.002011209,0.00001674337,0.000002197629,0.000014707,0.00009715486,0.00001173455,0.0006796054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001934593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003846645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006199017683958097,"score_gpt":0.2176580559900668,"score_spread":0.2114590383061087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}