{"id":"W4401083557","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-40846-5_136","title":"Introduction to Practical, Historical, and Philosophical Instances of Probability","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Probability and Statistical Research","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004314916,0.0008390736,0.0005531494,0.001511854,0.001189557,0.003217079,0.0008290961,0.001119441,0.06777544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00151589,0.0004634252,0.0004114014,0.002283591,0.00273485,0.004509088,0.001098983,0.003823942,0.02004944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001398517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001234314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00186262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003645095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997162,0.00006675218,0.0000147815,0.00004511129,0.0001351569,0.0000220021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991566,0.0005734918,0.00002386768,0.00006486548,0.0001334612,0.00004782871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007157175,0.00001647939,0.00004978029,0.0001351502,0.000002811182,0.00004410747,0.0003163101,0.0002503438,0.0001945996,0.7749828,0.1838914,0.04010904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000132419,0.000005393279,0.0001148896,0.0001092148,0.00000174354,0.0001330599,0.00007222186,0.0002682605,0.00006377028,0.2495955,0.7496291,0.000005462799],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006584263,0.03913518,0.02913475,0.006818576,0.002798676,0.00004645545,0.0005517177,0.0004105341,0.9204456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02658398,0.04331892,0.02656496,0.004210846,0.004681623,0.0001435415,0.0007878108,0.0005821112,0.8931262],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06777544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2267314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1694747867255599,"score_gpt":0.3879653525244588,"score_spread":0.2184905657988989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}