{"id":"W4401160524","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ad69ac","title":"Environmental impacts of lithium supply chains from Australia to China","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research Letters","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"State Grid Corporation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Environmental science; Environmental impact assessment; Coal; Environmental analysis; Carbon footprint; Waste management; Lithium carbonate; Lithium (medication); Sustainability; Environmental engineering; Greenhouse gas; Production (economics); Chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002483376,0.0003284462,0.0001350837,0.001263108,0.001134353,0.0008006064,0.0002076824,0.0003156914,0.001666848],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004271653,0.0001851458,0.0003399643,0.001693852,0.0004428827,0.0006320025,0.001379278,0.0002523051,0.0001372091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003213674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001966095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1750261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2101058,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997974,0.00003601306,0.000009535796,0.00003488811,0.00006290704,0.00005922077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994647,0.0000619597,0.0001299553,0.00002133139,0.0002772028,0.00004478552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005172396,0.0001967657,0.8539214,0.0003601857,0.000196827,0.00383408,0.006628962,0.01458215,0.04704526,0.002315637,0.001200272,0.06920128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003199816,0.0005617814,0.9219079,0.00008591502,0.0001698584,0.0004777221,0.01270708,0.01947204,0.030101,0.0009702168,0.01345995,0.00005452031],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973555,0.00004438515,0.0003083906,0.00005107734,0.000001513411,0.00002259137,0.0001299377,0.00000713795,0.002079422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970146,0.00009745893,0.0003956224,0.0000304498,0.000001302485,0.00001856712,0.0001941973,0.000003405514,0.002244312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1750261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3480146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02616180194828195,"score_gpt":0.3136481822316537,"score_spread":0.2874863802833718,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}