{"id":"W4401191689","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106126","title":"Direct lithium extraction from Canadian oil and gas produced water using functional ionic liquids – A preliminary study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Lithium (medication); Ionic liquid; Produced water; Environmental chemistry; Ionic bonding; Environmental science; Chemistry; Water extraction; Chemical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Chromatography; Geology; Environmental engineering; Ion; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002417762,0.0004051678,0.0003036978,0.0002460512,0.001167697,0.0004505408,0.0005180005,0.0003499647,0.001539941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002468984,0.0001711495,0.000319911,0.0003356945,0.0005982592,0.0006524723,0.0003355195,0.0004377624,0.0004705498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001957963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001960014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1402471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2042938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998425,0.000007918638,0.000006757531,0.00002369888,0.00006348358,0.00005551587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999183,0.00001810731,0.000006812021,0.000005677734,0.00004145105,0.000009643527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003480172,0.00007058008,0.000616929,0.0001658037,0.00001420203,0.0001964573,0.0002049653,0.0002708278,0.9902707,0.0002402112,0.0001643334,0.007437069],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001300583,0.0002471828,0.002301984,0.000005086005,0.00002287935,0.00009747712,0.0001414218,0.0004672018,0.992209,0.0000299926,0.004451572,0.00001333984],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911395,0.001450565,0.002307679,0.0001361146,0.00001632407,0.00009500347,0.0002015861,0.0000300094,0.004623287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827746,0.002270152,0.003830184,0.00008231317,0.0000113792,0.00003290074,0.0004362019,0.0000199543,0.01054242],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8597529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2788616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01157573842164645,"score_gpt":0.2287009860259046,"score_spread":0.2171252476042582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}