{"id":"W4401191689","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106126","title":"Direct lithium extraction from Canadian oil and gas produced water using functional ionic liquids – A preliminary study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Lithium (medication); Ionic liquid; Produced water; Environmental chemistry; Ionic bonding; Environmental science; Chemistry; Water extraction; Chemical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Chromatography; Geology; Environmental engineering; Ion; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009724729,0.0001673962,0.0001155189,0.0000708134,0.0001292284,0.0001419378,0.00004587178,0.0001158727,0.0005017018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007781648,0.000156652,0.00002411757,0.0001099028,0.00001905224,0.0001480238,0.00001436763,0.0002321157,0.00006320075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001275156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001073799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001646845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001162604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991495,0.000006450646,0.0001783274,0.0003342897,0.0001189294,0.0002125099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996363,0.00003566157,0.00001109209,0.0001563515,0.00003247858,0.0001281128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004302059,0.00004609472,0.00009178911,0.0002136961,0.0001083119,0.00002641352,0.0008014987,0.003106354,0.9876178,0.00001365064,0.002424686,0.005506673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002342085,0.00002317689,0.0003629939,0.00004684565,0.00009140858,0.00005128258,0.0006443576,0.01122676,0.9642954,0.000193509,0.02248781,0.0003422025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9650156,0.0007531823,0.0001133696,0.0001397278,0.000409371,0.00007285416,0.00001832275,0.000366344,0.03311118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968882,0.0000432426,0.00006525665,0.00002583318,0.0003660461,0.00007859539,0.0001517725,0.00003101703,0.00235009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0318725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6388083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01157573842164645,"score_gpt":0.2287009860259046,"score_spread":0.2171252476042582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}