{"id":"W4401218463","doi":"10.1111/irj.12441","title":"Use it or lose it: The problem of labour underutilization among immigrant workers in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial Relations Journal","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Immigration; Underemployment; Disadvantage; Unemployment; Labour economics; Human capital; Work (physics); Wage; Economics; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037422,0.0003165854,0.0005911489,0.00279852,0.009356911,0.003511712,0.002091107,0.0008404315,0.001888523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00839435,0.0002731505,0.000561688,0.00823018,0.003326779,0.0008775762,0.003351221,0.001715525,0.0001077621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04688428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09267628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9941084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9975719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966711,0.0004409151,0.0001734628,0.0002190077,0.001079079,0.001416469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932348,0.0008785547,0.001524381,0.0002176839,0.002650051,0.001494458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008229411,0.00005545035,0.9167861,0.0001320121,0.00006313645,0.0003727579,0.05246821,0.000211364,0.0002284769,0.002193849,0.004313746,0.02309258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005976884,0.0000350986,0.7989255,0.0005270363,0.00005501915,0.0001340556,0.1931474,0.0006886766,0.0001840098,0.0004209952,0.005817544,0.00005867414],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908677,0.0008067556,0.0001221097,0.004267541,0.00002899218,0.00003811681,0.0006296664,0.000004768881,0.003234324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980021,0.0006421302,0.0001088812,0.0004278282,0.000006891133,0.00001433579,0.0001502343,0.000003336548,0.0006442783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04688428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3401708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1742137815913861,"score_gpt":0.3895796640078313,"score_spread":0.2153658824164451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}