{"id":"W4401341012","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2024.2382644","title":"Real Democracy: A Critical Realist Approach to Democracy and Democratic Theory","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Political Science","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; University of East Anglia; Leverhulme Trust; University of Cambridge; Economic and Social Research Council; Nuffield Foundation; University of Oxford; McDougall Trust; Harvard University","keywords":"Democracy; Politics; Empowerment; Agency (philosophy); Sociology; Liberal democracy; Political economy; Political science; Democratic theory; Social science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009461439,0.0005632075,0.000591893,0.002983167,0.003374255,0.008674563,0.001402989,0.002745769,0.0048984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005668793,0.0002556225,0.0007114978,0.0014646,0.03597444,0.00668685,0.003779271,0.005634909,0.0005188034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007147247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004364797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001837778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001966886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9915518,0.006518454,0.000158472,0.0005931416,0.0007440085,0.0004342288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936422,0.004396205,0.0005119186,0.0005774998,0.0005511898,0.000321075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001206,0.000003379665,0.00001964539,0.00001137988,0.000001316502,0.000007818221,0.000336806,0.0001961874,0.000008395225,0.9982437,0.0005248633,0.0006452503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005430536,0.000004627792,0.00003905097,0.000050639,0.000001564912,0.00001523246,0.0003979341,0.0006471951,0.00003427472,0.9777965,0.0210038,0.000003606821],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01791478,0.01571983,0.2837248,0.1210097,0.002094645,0.0002652108,0.0001435042,0.0001562682,0.5589712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9227344,0.004347085,0.04178179,0.005648073,0.001434386,0.0004770659,0.00007868049,0.00009337651,0.02340516],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009461439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05185717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05880776766213693,"score_gpt":0.3857418970098557,"score_spread":0.3269341293477188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}