{"id":"W4401341012","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2024.2382644","title":"Real Democracy: A Critical Realist Approach to Democracy and Democratic Theory","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Political Science","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; University of East Anglia; Leverhulme Trust; University of Cambridge; Economic and Social Research Council; Nuffield Foundation; University of Oxford; McDougall Trust; Harvard University","keywords":"Democracy; Politics; Empowerment; Agency (philosophy); Sociology; Liberal democracy; Political economy; Political science; Democratic theory; Social science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004078964,0.0002283213,0.0002666105,0.0002214491,0.002132255,0.0008943157,0.0007619349,0.0002209721,0.0000882672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01041946,0.0001968105,0.00008548705,0.001347929,0.007239517,0.0008394622,0.0002896484,0.0005990216,0.0002067926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004692685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002759341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005089152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001103712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946474,0.0003828823,0.0003539341,0.0009096285,0.001293263,0.002412911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9920488,0.003042436,0.00001435042,0.0003512479,0.0001496175,0.004393543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009858587,0.00004943129,0.00006664784,0.00004626475,0.000004336344,0.00001871278,0.002313074,5.76387e-7,0.0002326301,0.9941481,0.001083886,0.002026527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006497813,0.00006516806,0.002012544,0.00007126021,0.00003589472,0.00002283677,0.0007464422,0.0005210125,0.00008775145,0.9925951,0.003500341,0.0002767009],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007204232,0.00009084124,0.01288857,0.1793901,0.0005624576,0.0002888704,0.00002040472,0.000372594,0.7991819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825457,0.0000181843,0.00812388,0.005548129,0.001388448,0.00001106837,0.0000013196,0.00002002186,0.002343202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9753415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05880776766213693,"score_gpt":0.3857418970098557,"score_spread":0.3269341293477188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}