{"id":"W4401366516","doi":"10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2410","title":"They Have Always Been Military: On So-Called Militarized Policing in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theory in Action","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Criminology; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001351551,0.00009105408,0.0001264706,0.0001771968,0.0002414498,0.00003898273,0.0000997829,0.00007266798,0.0004013506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000180353,0.00008663655,0.00003782158,0.0001721212,0.00008649022,0.0002582913,0.00001478446,0.0003601885,0.00005595201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001494282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009385847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9993818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984461,0.0006664911,0.0001829191,0.0001881998,0.0002180668,0.0002982207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99891,0.0008587262,0.00002247626,0.0001302989,0.00001218517,0.00006637059],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000594425,0.0001592144,0.006347279,0.00007439731,0.00006169806,0.00004871219,0.5364024,0.00419846,0.002493115,0.3909027,0.001702628,0.05701495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001791291,0.0002214555,0.1811002,0.0009547882,0.0001031144,0.00001151078,0.4217123,0.009889526,0.0002501088,0.1946732,0.1881419,0.00115064],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.949155,0.0000590266,0.00001341652,0.004805201,0.0005112835,0.0001825049,0.00001163414,0.00005339793,0.04520853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974227,0.0003161871,0.00001789463,0.0005263814,0.000215305,0.00001747424,0.000005719584,0.00001093449,0.001467415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1962295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4394508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04836267031708442,"score_gpt":0.3675185170042276,"score_spread":0.3191558466871431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}