{"id":"W4401536532","doi":"10.3390/min14080809","title":"The Effects of Wind Velocity on the Binding Properties of Ash, Bottom Ash, and Additives: A Wind Tunnel Study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Aeolian processes and effects","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Fly ash; Bottom ash; Environmental science; Combustion; Coal; Environmental engineering; Coal combustion products; Wind speed; Wind tunnel; Environmental chemistry; Waste management; Chemistry; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004263798,0.0004514167,0.0003268172,0.0002346089,0.000257944,0.0002090218,0.0002360363,0.0003572523,0.0008352957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003197589,0.0002052142,0.0004610085,0.0001578382,0.000171719,0.0002331796,0.0001987642,0.0003458767,0.00008250408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007571116,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001420288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001416673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002865375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998583,0.00002863216,0.00001262128,0.00002615928,0.00004190979,0.00003229181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995729,0.0001378535,0.00007700034,0.00003209295,0.0001234783,0.00005668582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001729286,0.001317281,0.03510471,0.0001562761,0.00008101301,0.0002476246,0.0003048972,0.003637199,0.9496707,0.00007256407,0.00007459241,0.007603779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001148262,0.02468751,0.2371157,0.00003929907,0.0002542664,0.000349557,0.001359304,0.02195144,0.7129138,0.00008855134,0.001045163,0.00008069754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996712,0.00002402104,0.0002094193,0.000002155849,0.000002267971,0.000005493447,0.00001993079,0.000002869818,0.00006252704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988198,0.00005972962,0.0007676796,0.00000753527,0.000001510798,0.000009298084,0.00005036732,0.000002081603,0.0002820164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001416673,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002816856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01557405636039254,"score_gpt":0.2157125032298162,"score_spread":0.2001384468694237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}