{"id":"W4401542731","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4924684","title":"Reducing Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Supersonic Aviation with Ammonia Hybrid Engines","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Fuel efficiency; Aviation; Supersonic speed; Automotive engineering; Consumption (sociology); Environmental science; Aeronautics; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001265262,0.000286042,0.0003249771,0.0005485469,0.0000897751,0.0002152428,0.000177598,0.0001850521,0.00001983244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002788718,0.0002346603,0.00006975857,0.0001582035,0.00002571534,0.0001046252,0.0001333448,0.005902351,0.00002910404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001270766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009380307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001270328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006759582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974845,0.00009295746,0.0003931107,0.0003142435,0.0003447931,0.001370418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995241,0.0000469651,0.00005937003,0.0001914513,0.00005546469,0.0001226568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005248893,0.0001570548,0.03331217,0.01182012,0.002618618,0.0004916982,0.009331916,0.03758921,0.02058185,0.00353688,0.001656225,0.8783793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008598388,0.001582485,0.01730692,0.02784633,0.0008988056,0.02339457,0.009771972,0.261557,0.01305021,0.6237876,0.005590165,0.006615546],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9479626,0.04955462,0.001153134,0.0002593363,0.0004186997,0.0002905079,0.000008463381,0.0001244516,0.0002281568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9645268,0.03421439,0.0001029,0.000002129645,0.0003547597,0.00003628061,0.00001852536,0.00007251696,0.0006716853],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8717638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01395571359679432,"score_gpt":0.2591987694540134,"score_spread":0.2452430558572191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}