{"id":"W4401604381","doi":"10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111419","title":"Decrease in injection and rise in smoking and snorting of heroin and synthetic opioids, 2000–2021","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","topic":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","keywords":"Heroin; Medicine; Psychology; Psychiatry; Drug","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002835753,0.0001269153,0.0002242286,0.0002012139,0.00003215235,0.00003750024,0.00001950625,0.0000528191,0.00001309999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000100723,0.0001131427,0.00001467773,0.0001858143,0.00007349745,0.0001235196,0.00005420195,0.0001642408,6.321379e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003623425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007009753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001798238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005007826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991019,0.00004420718,0.000229697,0.0003434603,0.0001241633,0.0001565775],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963,0.0001165901,0.00003507647,0.00009904654,0.00001393702,0.0001053954],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006616118,0.0001012708,0.8836005,0.0005916259,0.00002949448,0.0002962411,0.006263501,0.000009461643,0.001523396,0.00009870889,0.000007637004,0.107412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003207558,0.0002309156,0.966745,0.004524007,0.000214999,0.0006037079,0.008129036,0.0111377,0.003868346,0.0009032891,0.0001106848,0.0003247898],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9678921,0.03134345,0.000009400913,0.0002595276,0.00004172125,0.0002373111,0.00000543471,0.0000140659,0.0001970109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964184,0.003245547,0.0001730075,0.00002859383,0.00001488081,0.0000172222,0.00000280488,0.00001224568,0.00008728976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1070872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4613827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01107533228342533,"score_gpt":0.2749253427443827,"score_spread":0.2638500104609574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}