{"id":"W4401613484","doi":"10.1097/ccm.0000000000006371","title":"Toward Precision in Critical Care Research: Methods for Observational and Interventional Studies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Critical Care Medicine","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"U.S. National Library of Medicine; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Sanitarium Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Security Agency; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Medicine; Observational study; Psychological intervention; Intensive care medicine; Randomized controlled trial; Clinical trial; Intervention (counseling); Acute respiratory distress; External validity; Population; Research design; Treatment effect; Nursing; Surgery; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003405021,0.0004756752,0.002189107,0.0006195824,0.0001161104,0.00004660763,0.000340354,0.0004574594,0.00007803146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1315362,0.0003266159,0.000308075,0.0005166426,0.001616312,0.0001358254,0.0005634004,0.0013965,0.000005657883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006634083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002623605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004082071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001182264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955795,0.001048783,0.001292891,0.0008374252,0.0007037485,0.0005375854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.954456,0.0425907,0.00005694412,0.0003809938,0.002323741,0.0001916011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000747635,0.00002385939,6.070952e-7,0.1662012,0.00002904427,0.00003073541,0.001178274,3.453354e-9,6.266649e-7,0.4137434,0.002099935,0.4166848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001285465,0.0006488519,5.534284e-7,0.0798243,0.0007770591,0.00003332951,0.007777037,0.000007218938,0.000003983786,0.6494051,0.2611644,0.0002295846],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001087688,0.9384985,0.05716944,0.001808444,0.0006070837,0.001330114,0.0001610743,0.0001391861,0.0002850539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001032359,0.7183548,0.2789167,0.00004813143,0.000608233,0.001630576,0.0001700461,0.00008617037,0.00008206495],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4164553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9246768419156625,"score_gpt":0.7668087164089641,"score_spread":0.1578681255066984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}