{"id":"W4401621697","doi":"10.5194/nhess-24-2727-2024","title":"A large-scale validation of snowpack simulations in support of avalanche forecasting focusing on critical layers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Natural hazards and earth system sciences","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Avalanche Association; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Snowpack; Scale (ratio); Snow; Environmental science; Meteorology; Computer science; Physics; Geography; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002056869,0.0006729247,0.0003794296,0.0003958574,0.0006806909,0.0004510522,0.001010161,0.0004246119,0.0005118118],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004903991,0.0002349431,0.0004143118,0.0004129575,0.0005041266,0.0004313175,0.0004099266,0.0006175681,0.0001046944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002140757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002941568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3477658,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.328269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996118,0.00009662123,0.00002511323,0.00009195461,0.0001107279,0.00006380452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965522,0.00141561,0.000304678,0.0004443015,0.001033979,0.0002491101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000341036,0.0003396586,0.08404974,0.00007053468,0.0001310033,0.00009870678,0.0001723571,0.8891686,0.008448605,0.0004541072,0.0006786292,0.01604705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003411909,0.00007498526,0.01340004,0.000005350128,0.00001233012,0.000007949932,0.00003472282,0.9832885,0.002895184,0.00008673211,0.0001507511,0.00000945247],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917407,0.00003616546,0.006626877,0.0000334613,0.00001034582,0.00005387014,0.0004298707,0.0003559826,0.0007126755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994477,0.00001132953,0.004784094,0.00001081926,0.000001893789,0.00001656082,0.0005815762,0.00001434058,0.0001026031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3477658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6914831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03467770296965776,"score_gpt":0.2814177950906973,"score_spread":0.2467400921210395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}