{"id":"W4401622359","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25455","title":"Numerical study of gas–solid flow characteristics of cylindrical fluidized beds based on coarse‐grained <scp>CFD</scp> ‐ <scp>DEM</scp> method","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; CFD-DEM; Mechanics; Pressure drop; Fluidized bed; Discrete element method; Periodic boundary conditions; Boundary value problem; Porosity; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Physics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004456171,0.0004711802,0.0005106803,0.0006864753,0.000486784,0.0004889892,0.00065917,0.0008289982,0.001548145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009334045,0.0002488986,0.0005988711,0.0005416535,0.0005199525,0.0004193192,0.000396081,0.0003906095,0.0001364422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005993231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007039751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01475524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006401868,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998697,0.00003318798,0.00001075141,0.00002318791,0.00004244824,0.00002069543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993537,0.000355497,0.00006248942,0.00005564781,0.0001299143,0.00004265344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079378,0.00007408141,0.00512478,0.00009136387,0.00001741671,0.0001614223,0.00007050478,0.9718542,0.01159533,0.001269781,0.0002489499,0.009384192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000391906,0.00001177814,0.0004990655,0.000001818351,0.000001155519,0.000005301324,0.000007094118,0.998491,0.0008764859,0.00004161019,0.00005702168,0.000003610895],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8911871,0.0003453626,0.1011865,0.0001815904,0.00008343154,0.00008529285,0.0004024625,0.000753955,0.0057743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981268,0.00006822182,0.01783984,0.00001109325,0.000005197009,0.00003620633,0.0001521465,0.00001799815,0.0006013368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01475524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02933872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009183872435336454,"score_gpt":0.2214260931283425,"score_spread":0.2122422206930061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}