{"id":"W4401630693","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109243","title":"Grain yield and nitrogen cycling under conservation agriculture and biochar amendment in agroecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment","topic":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet; Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Agroecosystem; Biochar; Amendment; Cycling; Environmental science; Agronomy; Nitrogen; Agroforestry; Yield (engineering); Agriculture; Grain yield; Geography; Ecology; Biology; Chemistry; Forestry; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009994365,0.0003913698,0.0009934586,0.00007411426,0.0001380913,0.0001948054,0.0001827996,0.0002400306,0.0001608276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001765877,0.000144272,0.000475386,0.000492776,0.00004796807,0.0002996955,0.00011485,0.0002640031,0.00002953398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001297684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005092762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003006706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004830703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973719,0.0002938801,0.0008733416,0.0007760187,0.0003322336,0.0003526119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998951,0.0004020348,0.0003527309,0.0001257878,0.00002363094,0.000144852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001370583,0.0001100631,0.002110597,0.0001425349,0.009330459,0.00001168022,0.0005173793,0.0001006258,0.9833858,0.0002439677,0.003793231,0.0002399462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001553108,0.001985634,0.08971176,0.001452001,0.1041901,0.0005335049,0.02475603,0.006703055,0.2126893,0.001033867,0.5503078,0.005083878],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434729,0.05310302,0.00006391607,0.002048493,0.000142975,0.0008086457,0.0001909637,0.00004766069,0.0001214061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973128,0.001798507,0.00002534765,0.00007217545,0.0001616946,0.0001763243,0.0001311941,0.00000355345,0.0003183791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7706965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5883241,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03683315286529837,"score_gpt":0.2135422791062796,"score_spread":0.1767091262409812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}