{"id":"W4401644259","doi":"10.1007/s12293-024-00425-3","title":"Where does the crude oil originate? The role of near-infrared spectroscopy in accurate source detection","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Memetic Computing","topic":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Xuzhou Science and Technology Program; National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Tracing; Rendering (computer graphics); Computer science; Outlier; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Crude oil; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Data mining; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003787671,0.0001796098,0.0002330257,0.0001373185,0.0002284841,0.0002135526,0.0004051623,0.00007682718,0.0005407617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001317959,0.00009681163,0.0001283445,0.001612554,0.0001267136,0.00005581258,0.0001244198,0.0004769904,0.00001969917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008900902,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005128775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004242213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001173665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987255,0.00004669608,0.0003512164,0.0002970149,0.0002538749,0.0003256842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988934,0.000553745,0.0001185955,0.0003643343,0.00003907242,0.00003085681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005165859,0.0001047429,0.006656127,0.0007177657,0.0003333828,0.00001679201,0.004439035,0.002191167,0.8462226,0.0003630763,0.0003956213,0.1385081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000157418,0.00001444795,0.0003331605,0.0001579897,0.0001221838,0.00001288945,0.002928013,0.09726936,0.8703871,0.0009134216,0.02754911,0.000154863],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9736855,0.00793488,0.001931831,0.0004115896,0.0001800549,0.00004364338,0.00000284226,0.0001450071,0.01566465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972171,0.0001974855,0.0002538639,0.0000256463,0.0002371807,0.000006546988,0.00000151478,0.00002470514,0.002035968],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1383532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5920962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006466877492983044,"score_gpt":0.2581186958881561,"score_spread":0.2516518183951731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}