{"id":"W4401789407","doi":"10.5539/elt.v17n9p48","title":"Can ChatGPT Understand Malapropism Correctly? Challenges to Davidson's Passing Theory in Generative AI","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Generative grammar; Psychology; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00521436,0.0008288177,0.0006537255,0.0008542137,0.001491584,0.004942643,0.00127473,0.001502154,0.007400744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04041595,0.0004209868,0.0005103068,0.000673332,0.003373927,0.008718255,0.003670271,0.002869372,0.003015995],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009715359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002088999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007251187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007117441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967703,0.001703811,0.0001975595,0.0006614942,0.0004440228,0.0002228622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9707056,0.02154516,0.001129673,0.003030488,0.002469812,0.001119275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007665381,0.000337229,0.09310557,0.001818276,0.0001407614,0.004386267,0.3701102,0.007495997,0.02271082,0.0527924,0.02957307,0.416763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001553655,0.00071284,0.069469,0.0008989229,0.0002278871,0.0094751,0.2732773,0.1143657,0.02431528,0.2732992,0.2332621,0.0005413849],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.77907,0.001497515,0.1345802,0.01127193,0.0003012884,0.0002968265,0.001291537,0.00432133,0.06736939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593254,0.0004748848,0.03199909,0.0009771885,0.00005432462,0.00009682231,0.0007115966,0.0003600049,0.00600078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007400744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02757651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09511919568022659,"score_gpt":0.4066969180550007,"score_spread":0.3115777223747742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}