{"id":"W4401847616","doi":"10.1007/s10040-024-02820-z","title":"Using noble gases to understand recharge mechanisms in a fractured sandstone aquifer","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrogeology Journal","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater recharge; Aquifer; Hydrogeology; Geology; Noble gas; Groundwater; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Petrology; Mining engineering; Earth science; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004358442,0.0001427575,0.0001911291,0.0002090763,0.0001416163,0.0001292659,0.0001634705,0.0001271302,0.006553409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002583141,0.0001133075,0.00006438114,0.0002516692,0.00004310913,0.0002013652,0.00001602492,0.0004206976,0.000236479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002406183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001154287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004264725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000803041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988306,0.00006879916,0.0002489851,0.0002418991,0.0001681553,0.000441548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995835,0.00006400819,0.0000325379,0.0001045415,0.0000186077,0.0001968396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001431067,0.0003370106,0.6443329,0.0004303693,0.0007596886,0.02170653,0.01936515,0.06795292,0.1912982,0.002368644,0.01818295,0.03183455],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004988429,0.002096177,0.0733057,0.001528143,0.0003521482,0.05301931,0.006619369,0.2107319,0.1344172,0.4653842,0.04425518,0.003302207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820768,0.002046615,0.01237773,0.0008548034,0.0007378029,0.00008337454,0.00001668334,0.00003346843,0.001772722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960413,0.00004634477,0.002909433,0.0005503179,0.0001746055,3.372771e-7,0.00001692023,0.000005417559,0.0002553143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5710272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9943547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03428598390960181,"score_gpt":0.267246038385361,"score_spread":0.2329600544757592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}