{"id":"W4401862636","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07418-5","title":"Tracing Nitrate Contamination Sources and Apportionment in North-Western Volta River Basin of Ghana Using a Multi-Isotopic Approach","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"International Atomic Energy Agency","keywords":"Apportionment; Tracing; Nitrate; Structural basin; Contamination; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Water resource management; Hydrology (agriculture); Geography; Geology; Ecology; Cartography; Biology; Geomorphology; Computer science; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008635616,0.0001127415,0.0001490345,0.0007117745,0.0004241903,0.0003029679,0.0001795513,0.0002523219,0.00046876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002459902,0.0001331337,0.00008342417,0.0007628753,0.0002080386,0.0002729563,0.0003720394,0.0001175986,0.00007789495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006399988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004349834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07136039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1433727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999448,0.00001084684,0.000004802051,0.00001913545,0.000007589275,0.00001281175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999086,0.00001976742,0.00003259791,0.000003750145,0.0000255756,0.000009795042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001535114,0.000034933,0.9523218,0.00008232198,0.00003073732,0.0007425411,0.003100059,0.001039175,0.02654924,0.0002675719,0.0001687463,0.01550949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000117743,0.00004025549,0.986407,0.00004606388,0.00003207428,0.000383658,0.005093487,0.002883252,0.002936944,0.0002137377,0.001942525,0.00000931557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989795,0.00008425328,0.0001929964,0.0000290871,0.00000123228,0.000005014249,0.0001873712,0.000003576919,0.0005169883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988511,0.0001133115,0.0006108654,0.000009748722,7.941758e-7,0.000007833355,0.00008850003,0.000001706141,0.0003161809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07136039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.14189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01746075204391232,"score_gpt":0.2067748502285492,"score_spread":0.1893140981846368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}