{"id":"W4401869038","doi":"10.1111/exsy.13712","title":"Intent detection for task‐oriented conversational agents: A comparative study of recurrent neural networks and transformer models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Transformer; Task (project management); Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Voltage; Systems engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001813881,0.0001060649,0.0001856647,0.00008058971,0.00006400817,0.00008176031,0.0001335263,0.000033896,7.409572e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003483935,0.00008845881,0.00004337682,0.0001333624,0.00001604903,0.0003515142,0.00002591082,0.00007118412,4.133517e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005942459,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001466398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001965407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002232092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989652,0.00007027562,0.0003152457,0.000319503,0.0001984299,0.0001313303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995796,0.00007511857,0.00005000977,0.0001511928,0.00009838396,0.00004566055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001496836,0.0005232525,0.0001416634,0.0003165602,0.0004468689,0.000008519776,0.2481226,0.6809661,0.001310832,0.02874907,0.0008893068,0.03837553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004409584,0.0002777312,0.0000203745,0.00006343633,0.000006806176,0.000007657076,0.00409068,0.9944569,0.00007019692,0.0000477318,0.0004321156,0.00008535383],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.112934,0.001452294,0.8823165,0.00005759105,0.002244954,0.0009037625,0.000003528986,0.00006381369,0.00002350784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992476,0.000009455421,0.0003256672,0.00001621767,0.0001148506,0.0002545953,0.000003596874,0.000005745145,0.00002229711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8863136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3607245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07955754620462314,"score_gpt":0.3157993161297343,"score_spread":0.2362417699251111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}