{"id":"W4401869038","doi":"10.1111/exsy.13712","title":"Intent detection for task‐oriented conversational agents: A comparative study of recurrent neural networks and transformer models","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Transformer; Task (project management); Artificial neural network; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Voltage; Systems engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001920407,0.0008053277,0.0005532354,0.0006826773,0.0001802699,0.001087274,0.0008914511,0.0006583086,0.0008395168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004194818,0.0002546204,0.00060396,0.000396992,0.0003070005,0.001353625,0.0004642712,0.0009032884,0.0003790838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006845206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004953183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006083136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00401329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994395,0.0002163472,0.0000408552,0.0001474632,0.0001097635,0.00004609175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977657,0.001496569,0.0001277537,0.00009266908,0.0004570206,0.00006040176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006092717,0.0003755413,0.009896437,0.000883373,0.0006032322,0.0002728536,0.0005152907,0.3916793,0.01071103,0.01685694,0.003224543,0.5643722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003628531,0.00009049354,0.0007155346,0.00003047949,0.00005523989,0.00002872457,0.0000379292,0.9950145,0.001301868,0.002075943,0.0006349263,0.00001071562],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2187537,0.02715778,0.7389809,0.00123218,0.0002929102,0.0001341368,0.0002353988,0.001757981,0.01145499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9456752,0.005330465,0.04646734,0.0001425471,0.00009389692,0.00005029191,0.0002768029,0.00005096195,0.001912379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006083136,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01209545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07955754620462314,"score_gpt":0.3157993161297343,"score_spread":0.2362417699251111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}