{"id":"W4401873485","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v25i3.7815","title":"Video Lectures With AI-Generated Instructors: Low Video Engagement, Same Performance as Human Instructors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multimedia; Online video; Computer science; Educational technology; Distance education; Videoconferencing; Electronic learning; Mathematics education; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00368787,0.0001505567,0.0002529774,0.0002605412,0.0003159224,0.000876098,0.001843419,0.00004014625,0.00009639972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008464979,0.00009505043,0.0000445963,0.001267815,0.0002012922,0.000600242,0.001005752,0.001317301,0.00001949949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001098002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003559186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003962531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002597044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975045,0.0005747261,0.0003797479,0.0003988853,0.0008483979,0.0002937158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987378,0.0004335273,0.0001006874,0.0003018806,0.000344848,0.00008128332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000245627,0.0003981507,0.1424273,0.01367336,0.0008658699,0.0003898642,0.002893554,0.01370896,0.00333945,0.3645091,0.01196293,0.4455858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002946843,0.001999154,0.0343181,0.1059735,0.00007774889,0.0003881892,0.00197338,0.4418298,0.004688089,0.01755638,0.3869666,0.001282242],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9581065,0.01086365,0.001780081,0.02462712,0.0002123599,0.0006376516,0.00002262659,0.0001003464,0.003649628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906407,0.007920781,0.0004237927,0.0003064463,0.00008243707,0.00002521528,0.0001024804,0.00001218095,0.0004859962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4443036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8448234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04929254613298834,"score_gpt":0.4160962891389576,"score_spread":0.3668037430059692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}