{"id":"W4401873716","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v25i3.7720","title":"How AI Literacy Affects Students’ Educational Attainment in Online Learning: Testing a Structural Equation Model in Higher Education Context","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Army Research Office","keywords":"Structural equation modeling; Context (archaeology); Educational technology; Mathematics education; Literacy; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Educational attainment; Electronic learning; Machine learning; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003457882,0.0005414361,0.0007231798,0.001351403,0.001273614,0.001870536,0.001145246,0.001148649,0.00453577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008791367,0.00036703,0.00203148,0.001336414,0.0009642284,0.00137921,0.001772015,0.002030857,0.0004308714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001550374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002964961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01469528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01051384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979612,0.0008101446,0.0001791592,0.0003509064,0.0003443302,0.0003543424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928685,0.00423061,0.001204163,0.0004011564,0.0006013645,0.0006941082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001621108,0.001532077,0.9823491,0.00006553347,0.0002254098,0.0001325241,0.003586083,0.001219962,0.0001496886,0.001268603,0.0003956117,0.008913393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001035897,0.001225049,0.9500182,0.0001809977,0.0004267043,0.00009747365,0.006858694,0.03753036,0.0004442135,0.00199112,0.001080558,0.00004302181],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998455,0.00005426543,0.000443587,0.0002306414,0.00001161947,0.00006136952,0.00008568464,0.000005977494,0.0006517602],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987946,0.00005525142,0.000507362,0.00004151936,0.000007886234,0.0001211941,0.0001595162,0.000001910159,0.000310772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01469528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02921951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1340473648330934,"score_gpt":0.4895769159735877,"score_spread":0.3555295511404943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}