{"id":"W4402008353","doi":"10.14429/djlit.44.4.19733","title":"Trends in Plagiarism","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001016343,0.00007865986,0.0001652902,0.002858111,0.00009250754,0.0001459683,0.000439515,0.0009811907,0.0007889885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002085309,0.00006885672,0.00007941707,0.001775197,0.0001815617,0.00680697,0.00003968844,0.002223771,0.0001155074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005994741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003139981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003280137,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007468845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987423,0.00009127143,0.0006206306,0.00005059973,0.0002717541,0.0002233772],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994931,0.000136721,0.0001951129,0.00006945508,0.00004833986,0.00005723032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001808979,0.000009567424,0.001324649,0.00001397295,0.00001826137,0.0000497069,0.00987546,0.00001552041,0.00001195734,0.6231589,0.07086597,0.294638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001484933,0.00005865462,0.0003801698,0.0001296,0.000007005798,0.0001053354,0.005550532,0.000182979,0.0005410336,0.07519187,0.9176155,0.00008882349],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1673314,0.00694661,0.0166485,0.2893946,0.00412043,0.0002631435,0.00003443857,0.001099537,0.5141613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926137,0.001292534,0.00345603,0.0009699864,0.0002929161,0.00000269557,0.00001106816,0.000007503931,0.001353597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8467495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9661304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01041356620884192,"score_gpt":0.2751662707213997,"score_spread":0.2647527045125577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}