{"id":"W4402028381","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451868","title":"<i>Euclid</i>: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Research Council; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels; Agenția Spațială Română; National Science Foundation; European Space Agency; Royal Society; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Norsk Romsenter; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; European Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Einstein radius; Galaxy; Prime (order theory); Physics; RADIUS; Astrophysics; Lens (geology); Gravitational lens; Einstein; Computer science; Combinatorics; Optics; Mathematics; Mathematical physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003112717,0.0003387481,0.0002409783,0.0006626355,0.000352156,0.000697926,0.0004995041,0.0002857475,0.00113466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004320933,0.0001451235,0.0002391119,0.0007224865,0.0003963885,0.000574543,0.0008544148,0.0003752275,0.0005845198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005065753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003888645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007974792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01467099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998607,0.0005093688,0.0000795676,0.0003450624,0.0003403642,0.0001187987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955149,0.001339254,0.0007636382,0.00121015,0.0006572813,0.0005146657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005032972,0.0006815374,0.6811174,0.0004774069,0.0004987199,0.0008120992,0.002296011,0.02093677,0.04000956,0.01022268,0.0652298,0.172685],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000290041,0.001750905,0.8565677,0.00006678868,0.0001729093,0.001115751,0.0008006524,0.04160773,0.03899574,0.002521556,0.05592691,0.0001832005],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637983,0.000360664,0.01042103,0.0003845489,0.00004488926,0.0001226462,0.01227399,0.001140806,0.01145308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9285734,0.0001510478,0.04530477,0.0001953016,0.00003099145,0.00008736217,0.02128407,0.0003554883,0.004017403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007974792,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01646185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02303910463453584,"score_gpt":0.2743643924508261,"score_spread":0.2513252878162903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}