{"id":"W4402028381","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451868","title":"<i>Euclid</i>: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Research Council; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels; Agenția Spațială Română; National Science Foundation; European Space Agency; Royal Society; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Norsk Romsenter; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; European Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Einstein radius; Galaxy; Prime (order theory); Physics; RADIUS; Astrophysics; Lens (geology); Gravitational lens; Einstein; Computer science; Combinatorics; Optics; Mathematics; Mathematical physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001467939,0.0003520444,0.000318537,0.00007629543,0.0008930984,0.0002593533,0.0004810499,0.00004256352,0.000141083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005047186,0.0002781872,0.0002123247,0.0004352304,0.0003986885,0.000441819,0.0004057679,0.0006394851,0.00008226298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003897484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002211794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004321838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000159255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979421,0.0001315946,0.0003567319,0.0005298998,0.0002868733,0.0007527688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988193,0.000198917,0.00008783222,0.0005977357,0.0001234701,0.0001727724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007866311,0.0004011204,0.04251711,0.000007971127,0.0002899627,0.000001265279,0.0003525822,0.0004952133,0.003057394,0.2238757,0.001130407,0.7277926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006392192,0.001138086,0.3185371,0.0003787995,0.0004918968,0.000001379167,0.01422828,0.002867116,0.1321234,0.01244554,0.509238,0.002158256],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5033392,0.00004899538,0.4898556,0.001391836,0.0001103476,0.0004274131,0.00006014643,0.00004364545,0.004722881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868674,0.000003793046,0.01073474,0.0001129797,0.0004968811,0.0001532301,0.00005769465,0.00002576941,0.001547546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7256343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02303910463453584,"score_gpt":0.2743643924508261,"score_spread":0.2513252878162903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}