{"id":"W4402030119","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113691","title":"The effect of sodium chloride on the charge state of soot particles in a laminar diffusion flame","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Combustion and Flame","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Soot; Laminar flow; Diffusion flame; Diffusion; Sodium; Chemistry; Combustion; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004142731,0.00007491383,0.0001053868,0.000004649053,0.00008265852,0.00002996426,0.00008619056,0.00002411545,0.0001180901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005829615,0.00003603718,0.00003348724,0.0001284674,0.0001404079,0.00004036268,0.00001080457,0.0001082302,0.00002002867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002088807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001059397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007374628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006339741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994414,0.00006327281,0.0001511408,0.0001081098,0.0001152838,0.0001207738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991984,0.0006202584,0.00004058586,0.000104735,0.000007789135,0.00002822807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002697767,0.00009957249,0.3237238,0.001044661,0.00009884769,0.00006457939,0.004365517,0.001987276,0.1016225,0.002102116,0.001657516,0.5605358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009854697,0.001103249,0.2750434,0.0006121802,0.00004024516,0.00001166345,0.0004304094,0.0974716,0.6183659,0.001749952,0.003917537,0.0002683346],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979408,0.0006903373,0.00001432343,0.0006467014,0.0001220581,0.0001171346,0.00001170252,0.00001272809,0.0004442095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991747,0.0003010681,0.000003568335,0.00002086033,0.00002786644,0.000001946896,0.000006508883,0.000001771534,0.0004616768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5602675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1469554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00770956937306097,"score_gpt":0.2044372207124843,"score_spread":0.1967276513394233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}